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Richard Joseph Howard (born October 13, 1929; adopted as Richard Joseph Orwitz) is an American poet, literary critic, essayist, teacher, and translator. He was born in Cleveland, Ohio and is a graduate of Columbia University, where he studied under Mark Van Doren,〔("Mark Van doren", ''Columbia 250'' - Colombian Ahead of Their Times ) Columbia University.〕 and where he now teaches. He lives in New York City. ==Life== After reading French letters at the Sorbonne in 1952-53, Howard had a brief early career as a lexicographer. He soon turned his attention to poetry and poetic criticism, and won the Pulitzer Prize for poetry for his 1969 collection ''Untitled Subjects'', which took for its subject dramatic imagined letters and monologues of 19th century historical figures. For much of his career, Howard has written poems using a quantitative verse technique. A prolific literary critic, Howard's monumental 1969 volume ''Alone With America'' stretched to 594 pages〔Howard, Richard. ''Alone With America: Essays on the Art of Poetry in the United States Since 1950''. New York: Atheneum, 1969.〕 and profiled 41 American poets who had published at least two books each and "have come into a characteristic and—as I see it—consequential identity since the time, say, of the Korean War." Howard would later tell an interviewer "I wrote the book not for the sense of history, but for myself, knowing that a relation to one’s moment was essential to getting beyond the moment. As I quoted Shaw in the book’s preface, if you cannot believe in the greatness of your own age and inheritance, you will fall into confusion of mind and contrariety of spirit. The book was a rescuing anatomy of such belief, the construction of a ''credendum''—articles of faith, or at least appreciation."〔(Richard Howard, The Art of Poetry No. 86 ), ''The Paris Review'', interview by J. D. McClatchy, Spring 2004〕 He was awarded the PEN Translation Prize in 1976 for his translation of E. M. Cioran's ''A Short History of Decay'' and the National Book Award〔 ("National Book Awards – 1983" ). National Book Foundation. Retrieved 2012-03-10. There was a "Translation" award from 1966 to 1983.〕 for his 1983 translation of Baudelaire's ''Les Fleurs du Mal''. Howard was a long-time poetry editor of ''The Paris Review'' and is currently poetry editor of ''The Western Humanities Review''. He has also received a Pulitzer prize, the Academy of Arts and Letters Literary Award and a MacArthur Fellowship. In 1985, Howard received the PEN/Ralph Manheim Medal for Translation. A former Chancellor of the Academy of American Poets, he is Professor of Practice in the writing program at Columbia's School of the Arts. He was previously University Professor of English at the University of Houston and, before that, Ropes Professor of Comparative Literature at the University of Cincinnati. He served as Poet Laureate of the State of New York from 1993 to 1995. In 1982, Howard was named a Chevalier of L'Ordre National du Mérite by the government of France. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Richard Howard」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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